{"id":1395,"date":"2010-10-19T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-19T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/queme.org\/all\/all\/cu-hi-16-20\/"},"modified":"2016-09-09T13:44:39","modified_gmt":"2016-09-09T13:44:39","slug":"cu-hi-16-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/cu-hi-16-20\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9<\/i> : C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 16-20"},"content":{"rendered":"

16. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: Quy\u1ec3n \u201cLu\u1eadn Chi\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u00e0i\u201d, v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110i T\u1edbi T\u1eadn C\u00f9ng S\u1ef1 Ho\u00e1 Gi\u1ea3i D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua, m\u1edf quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng x\u00ea d\u1ecbch ch\u00fat n\u00e0o\u00a0? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecb nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh Ng\u00f4 V\u01b0\u01a1ng To\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e0i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u T\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n qua Paris xin ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch \u201cLu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d<\/em> m\u00e0 anh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn h\u1ea7m h\u00e8 nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i statu quo<\/em>. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y sinh l\u1ed9. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m t\u01b0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, m\u1ed9t ch\u1edbp gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1edbi mong c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u00e1 b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tung ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1edbi gom d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh chim l\u1ed3ng c\u00e1 ch\u1eadu. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Paris n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eadp b\u1ea9y k\u1ebb nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, l\u00e1 b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra x\u00e0i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady \u201ct\u00ecnh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d m\u1eb9 m\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea7m ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 khoanh v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00e0i con c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o l\u1eeb, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u0169 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Duy.<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/em> th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. N\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ba b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c\u00a0: H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i lai C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0; H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 nghi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00ec dao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf\u00a0; v\u00e0 H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i nguy c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf<\/em>, m\u1ed9t Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi cao. H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea9y ra b\u1eb1ng ba c\u00e1ch\u00a0: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng b\u1ed7ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 64 n\u0103m qua, 85 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 64 n\u0103m qua n\u1eefa. PH\u1ea2I L\u00c0M M\u1ed8T C\u00c1I G\u00cc\u00a0! V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 C\u00c1I G\u00cc\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng-C\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n k\u1ebft li\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u1eafm th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi\u00a0: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n l\u1eadt thay th\u1eddi th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea9y t\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra. Kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp h\u00f2a h\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch hai x\u1ea9y ra. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay ph\u00e1t x\u00edt s\u1ebd thay nhau sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea5n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 T\u1ef1 do \u2013 H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/em> s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u nghe k\u00eau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n (Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng Trung qu\u1ed1c). Ch\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ra ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng H\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ch\u00faa b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00faa th\u1eddi c\u01a1. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, l\u1ea1i do \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ed danh Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean, qua c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i xo\u00e8n xo\u1eb9t theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp mi\u00ean 40, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, v.v\u2026 Song nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n in sau, khi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Hoa l\u1ee5c, khi \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u bay bi\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n D\u00e2n Ti\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 sau nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\"B\u00e1o<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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B\u00e1o Japan Times \u1edf Tokyo, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i, th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1994<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nN\u0103m 1990 khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, ch\u01b0a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n H\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u1eafm ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ee7 s\u00fay. X\u01b0a nay c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gen\u00e8ve n\u0103m 54 r\u1ed3i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris n\u0103m 73 \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khai m\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u1eafm ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u0103m 1990 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1edbi h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. B\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Quanh b\u00e0n h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n minh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i mang b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ba th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p, Anh \u0111i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 trong C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d. N\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 S\u00e1ng h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t think-tank<\/em>, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00f4i s\u1edbm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u01a1 duy\u00ean ch\u01b0a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gia T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0: Andr\u00e9 Malraux, Hermann Hesse<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n

17.L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac n\u00e0o\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u0103m 1955 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ecb th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u201ct\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a hai C\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, t\u00f4i nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9ng ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u00a0! T\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n xin \u0111i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf T\u1ed5ng nha C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. Ba th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng quen ai v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n. Nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u1edf T\u1ed5ng nha C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 xin \u00f4ng gi\u00fap. M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd than th\u1edf v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i xem nh\u01b0 Phi\u1ebfu M\u1eabu\u00a0: b\u00e1c V\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ea7u Qu\u1eb9o \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 con, nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Yersin, v\u00e0 d\u00ec L\u1ec5, b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft \u1edf Hu\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40. Hai M\u1eabu th\u00e2n n\u00e0y cho t\u00f4i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay \u0111i Ph\u00e1p. Ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o t\u00f4i m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y\u00a0?\u00a0! Nay ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee5ng kinh si\u00eau tho\u00e1t m\u1ed7i khi nh\u1edbi t\u1edbi ba v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1955 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai x\u1ea9y t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1970. Do n\u0103m 1955 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 l\u00e8o l\u00e1i sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng phi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00f4i nung n\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Paris ng\u00e0y 6.10.1955 v\u1edbi 200 quan ti\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169 trong t\u00fai (c\u1ee1 4 M\u1ef9 kim), m\u1ed9t l\u1ecd c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 do c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ee3 may trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m gia s\u01b0 \u1edf Saigon may t\u1eb7ng. L\u1ecd c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7n sanh. Nguy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi di c\u01b0 \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0o. \u00d4ng khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n mua c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng mang sang Paris b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u0103n Vi\u1ec7t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fa mang ti\u1ec1n trong t\u00fai b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, nh\u1ee1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u1eddi l\u00e3i chi<\/em>. T\u00f4i d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, mua \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i ra ch\u1ee3 B\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7m kim ho\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gia Long mua gi\u00fap. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 kim ho\u00e0n tay \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0n b\u1ecf l\u1ecd c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng l\u00ean c\u00e2n v\u00e0ng c\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n. N\u00e2ng l\u1ecd c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ebfn Paris t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec7u \u0103n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ecd l\u0129nh l\u00e0\u00a0: \u1ed0i gi\u1eddi mang l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y\u00a0! \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eaft qu\u00e1 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o d\u00e1m \u0103n\u00a0! Th\u01b0\u1edf \u1ea5y ti\u1ec7m \u0103n Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Paris c\u00f2n l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c. V\u00e0o ti\u1ec7m l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean con nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng 50 quan Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1n c\u0169. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1eeba \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u0111i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0103n sinh vi\u00ean (Restaurant des \u00c9tudiants). Do nh\u00e0 \u0103n cho l\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh m\u00ec th\u1ea3 c\u1eeda, t\u00f4i l\u1eadn b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0o t\u00fai \u0111em v\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. T\u00f4i ghi danh h\u1ecdc y khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169, anh PXS, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 BoulMich. Anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u0103n minh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, \u201cc\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o\u201d<\/em>, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng lam l\u0169, anh d\u1ee5 t\u00f4i n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng anh s\u1ebd tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y do qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho \u0103n \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0103n sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa \u0103n 31 xu, ngh\u00e8o h\u1ea1ng hai 45 xu, sinh vi\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 55 xu. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ghi danh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, anh ki\u1ebfm cho t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng sang \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1 t\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n – n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c M\u1eb9 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c trong v\u00f2ng ba th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ngay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kho\u00e1 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

18. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo Andr\u00e9 Malraux trong quy\u1ec3n The Temptation Of The West<\/em> th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00fd tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh h\u1ecdat tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef …, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi, theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t nam nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> H\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ng\u1ee1 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n phe t\u1ea3, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi sang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1969 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i sang Hoa K\u1ef3 trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n hai th\u00e1ng qua m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u bang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea1c. Qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh \u201cao nh\u00e0\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u00c1 ch\u00e2u c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 tr\u1edf \u0111i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n non tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 tam nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi n\u1ea1n k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb da m\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1edd b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Nh\u1edd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i phong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa ch\u1ea1y. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9m c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 \u0111oan, b\u00ea b\u1ed1i, s\u1ee3 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbch bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng\u201d, \u201cs\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd\u201d. C\u1ee9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o Trung qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, B\u1eafc H\u00e0n th\u1eed xem ba x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, h\u0169 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gian \u00e1c t\u1edbi ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Do s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u trong th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean l\u00e0 Man tr\u00ean cao (Cao Man), ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o l\u00e0 L\u00e8o, r\u1ed3i ch\u00fa B\u1ea3y ch\u00e0 v\u00e0, ch\u00fa Ch\u1ec7t, th\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y \u0111en, v.v\u2026, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u trong t\u1ea7m nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, b\u00eau ri\u1ebfu, c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng ca, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ai th\u00e8m ng\u00f3 ng\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u1ebf di\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e9ningrad m\u1eddi d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t x\u00e1c. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y sau l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u0169 Saint Petersburg. Sang \u0111\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c \u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, m\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c hay thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0! Xem b\u1ecdn \u0102n M\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1969 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng niu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ebb n\u00edt \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt. Ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i hay B\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada th\u01b0\u1edf \u1ea5y g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ng\u1ed3i xe l\u0103n v\u1edbi bao thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd. Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u00c2u ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng, \u00c2u ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai – m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb trung, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, v\u1ea1m v\u1ee1 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c tinh h\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Hai k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u00f4i trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u0103m 1969. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlanta, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh n\u1eef M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u00f4 c\u1ea7m t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng vi\u1ebft tay\u00a0: \u201c\u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Chao \u01a1i, n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh n\u1eef M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u ki\u1ec3u \u201cr\u1ea5t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d\u00a0: M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh\u00a0!<\/em> T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n t\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m, t\u1ef1 tin, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong c\u01b0 x\u1eed d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Atlanta l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0111en c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Luther King. Khi t\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ecd, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n M\u1ef9 da tr\u1eafng th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ecd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho v\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n

The Temptation Of The West<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Andr\u00e9 Malraux vi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u00f4ng sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Cam B\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng 1925. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, 25 tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean MM. A.D. v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, 23 tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean Ling W.Y. Hai b\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, \u0111an xen trong hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay ng\u00e0y nay th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 xe \u0111\u00f2 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00eam s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tin h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng tin Internet khi\u1ebfn cho n\u0103m ch\u00e2u x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng. MM. A.D. v\u00e0 Ling W.Y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ebft cho nhau c\u00e1i Temptation Of The West<\/em> h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc hay trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1925 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Trung qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ling W.Y \u0111\u00e3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a theo t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a MM. A.D. hay Andr\u00e9 Malraux c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu ba bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m t\u01b0, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ba bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50\u00a0;<\/p>\n

– phong tr\u00e0o b\u00f9ng v\u1ee1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 (th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1ea1c Beatles, v\u0103n Kerouac, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng Herbert Marcuse) \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0: h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn thanh ni\u00ean nam n\u1eef M\u1ef9 tr\u00e0n qua b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i theo Mao n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1968. B\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0o thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Andr\u00e9 Malraux th\u1eddi vi\u1ebft Temptation Of The West (1925)<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi Andr\u00e9 Malraux c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Antim\u00e9moires<\/em> (bao g\u1ed3m H\u00f4tes de passage<\/em>, Lazare<\/em>, Miroir des limbes<\/em>) ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1925 l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, manh nha t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV. Nh\u01b0ng hai n\u0103m c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c 1947 v\u00e0 1949 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan m\u1edbi (Weltanschauung) v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1947\u00a0: \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gandhi. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh cu\u1ed1n g\u00f3i ra \u0111i, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eb7n tr\u00ean Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u1ee3ng Chung Anh qu\u1ed1c (Commonwealth).<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0: Mao gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Hoa l\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e1n. L\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u1edfi m\u1ea7m cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

Ba vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecb n\u00eau ra, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00fd tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh h\u1ecdat tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u2026 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00eda ta r\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng \u1ee7y m\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i kh\u1eafn kh\u00edt l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh theo ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Theo nhau hay th\u00f9 nhau \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c. Thi\u1ebfu khoan dung trong t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1eadn nhau l\u00e0 gi\u1eadn su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u1eddi chung\u201d d\u00f9 tr\u1eddi c\u1ee9 ng\u1edd ng\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20, 30 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00c2u M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 th\u00ec \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (Womens studies), \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch LHistoire des femmes en Occident<\/em> (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y) c\u1ee7a Michelle Perrot ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Clio, Lunes<\/em> th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ca t\u1ee5ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vai v\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef Simone de Bauvoir, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Jean-Paul Sartre, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Le Deuxi\u00e8me Sexe<\/em> (Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai) c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 in n\u0103m 1949. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n M\u1ef9 Nelson Algren m\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo v\u00e0o tay b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u01b0 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1edf ta l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. Trai g\u00e1i g\u1eb7p nhau l\u1ec5 nghi, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trai g\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0a th\u0103ng hoa th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nho gi\u00e1o l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u1eb1n trong m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt, c\u1ed9t d\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau – t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0110\u00f4i l\u1ee9a. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nghe gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Pierre-Bernard Lafont ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Sorbonne, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng C\u00e2y S\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt<\/em> \u0111\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebbb\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n, \u1ea9n \u1ee9c trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2y s\u00fang gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi – \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1edb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y s\u00fang. V\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 vu c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ra – nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ai\u00a0?<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u1edf s\u1ef1 d\u00e1m s\u1ed1ng, d\u00e1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00f3c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, d\u00e1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng cho qua ki\u1ebfp, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1edd, s\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfp, s\u1ed1ng v\u1ea1m v\u1ee1, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y, \u1edf T\u00e2y t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng. Th\u1eddi b\u00ean nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i khao kh\u00e1t c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0i l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh chung, t\u00fa t\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n say m\u00ea b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh. Th\u01b0\u1edf 9, 10 tu\u1ed5i t\u00f4i m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc Kant, Nietzsche, Si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u2026 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng m\u00ea th\u00ec m\u00ea t\u00edt. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm hi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i B\u1ed3ng Lai Hi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ch<\/em>\u2026 hay trinh th\u00e1m, \u0110oan H\u00f9ng L\u1ec7 H\u1eb1ng<\/em>\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc Kim Dung n\u0103m 1969. \u1ea4y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i l\u00fac n\u00e3y, n\u0103m 1969 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n Sihanouk m\u1eddi th\u0103m Cam B\u1ed1t. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Cam B\u1ed1t, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

Sau nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi Cam B\u1ed1t trong ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee3 Nam Vang l\u00fac 12 gi\u1edd khuya mua t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba ra l\u00f2 in. T\u1edd n\u00e0y do Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n Sihanouk l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m. \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u1ea1, ch\u1eb3ng vi\u1ec7c chi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00fang tay. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m Vua, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 phim, l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m b\u00e1o\u2026 T\u1edd b\u00e1o Kampuchia<\/em> ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1. Trang \u0111\u1ea7u ca t\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb Mi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. Trang hai ch\u1eedi b\u1ecdn Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn\u201d<\/em>. H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf trang m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf trang hai l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trang ba \u0111\u0103ng feuilleton<\/em> \u201cTi\u1ebfu ng\u1ea1o giang h\u1ed3\u201d. Th\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 l\u00fac Phong Thanh D\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y L\u1ec7nh H\u1ed3 Xung v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 chi\u00eau. \u00d4i chao, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00ea t\u00edt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ecdc trang m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 trang hai n\u1eefa. C\u1ee9 t\u1eeb 12 gi\u1edd khuya l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm Kim Dung. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi Nam Vang qua V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Souvanna Phouma. Ra \u0111i ti\u1ebfc c\u00e1i trang ba c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u00f4ng Sihanouk.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng Kim Dung th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t K\u1ef3 l\u00e0m k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 \u1edf h\u00e3ng Reuter d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi t\u00ecm s\u00e1ch Kim Dung. \u00d4ng leo l\u00ean k\u1ec7 cao s\u00e1t tr\u1ea7n mang xu\u1ed1ng 11 cu\u1ed1n Ti\u1ebfu ng\u1ea1o giang h\u1ed3<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t n\u0103m cu\u1ed1n. M\u1eebng qu\u00e1 xin mua. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p sang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nghe t\u00ean t\u00f4i qua \u0111\u00e0i, b\u00e1o, n\u00ean hoan h\u1ec9 t\u1eb7ng s\u00e1ch. N\u00f3i g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ri\u00eang tri \u00e2n \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u1edf V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f4i mang \u01a1n \u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0? T\u00f4i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n d\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam. Th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9 qua v\u00f9ng mang theo cu\u1ed1n Principes \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de la philosophie<\/em> (Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 gi\u1ea3n) c\u1ee7a Politzer t\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i n\u0103m ng\u00e0y ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch s\u01a1 s\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u1ea5u th\u1eddi m\u1ecdt s\u00e1ch, h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u00f4i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i L\u00e3o, Trang, Kh\u1ed5ng, Kinh D\u1ecbch, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ramakrishna, Vivekananda, Rabibdranath Tagore, Gandhi\u2026 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i Krismanurti m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen h\u1ed3i 10 tu\u1ed5i v\u00ec ch\u00fa \u1ea4m t\u00f4i m\u00ea Krismanurti. \u00d4ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 in m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n D\u01b0\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7y<\/em> nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40. T\u00f4i \u00f4m m\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 Tagore. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m B\u1ea1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng mong t\u1edbi gi\u00fap d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7 tam trong tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u1ea4m Cang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40, khi \u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 ch\u1edf t\u00f4i l\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00fac theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt cao g\u1ea7n hai th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u0111\u00fac t\u1eb7ng ch\u00f9a V\u1ea1n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. Ch\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 trong s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 in s\u00e1ch Krishmanurti, m\u00ea \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eb7ng ch\u00f9a\u00a0; nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1945 \u00f4ng k\u00eau t\u00f4i v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang khoe kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang l\u1ee5c \u00f4ng m\u1edbi mua. D\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1edf \u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edb c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Einstein n\u00ean c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb\u00a0: \u201cImagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited, imagination encirclesthe world\u201d<\/em> (T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 bao tr\u00f9m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5).<\/p>\n

19. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: Hermann Hesse l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201c\u00c1nh S\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d<\/em>, Hermann Hesse \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m linh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng… T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi, theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> V\u00ec sao bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee9 tr\u00e0o d\u00e2ng h\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n\u00a0? Bi\u1ec3n \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u00fai \u0111\u1ea5y. T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Hermann Hesse l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0103n tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng bi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eabn t\u00e2y. V\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 sinh th\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (Conscience cosmique). T\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u01b0 v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, t\u1eeb h\u01b0 v\u00f4 Nada<\/em> c\u1ee7a Miguel de Unamuno, c\u1ee7a For whom the bell tolls<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hemingway, Nichts<\/em> c\u1ee7a Heidegger hay N\u00e9ant<\/em> c\u1ee7a Sartre\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00da\u00fbnyat\u00e2 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qua v\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u0129 N\u00e2g\u00e2juna – ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Weg nach Innen \/ \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/em> hay Siddharta<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hermann Hesse m\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201cC\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb t\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Tagore, Yeats cho Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chia tay \u1edf Paris. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch Hermann Hesse \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nay \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, cho t\u00f4i g\u1eedi m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\nChi\u1ec1u r\u1ee5ng
\nSao b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng
\nV\u1ea1t \u00e1o khu\u1ea5t b\u00ean s\u00f4ng
\nEm \u0111i
\nkh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u s\u00f3ng
\nB\u00ean b\u1edd
\nh\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1edf hoa.<\/em>
\n(Kh\u00f3c Ph\u00e1p mu\u1ed9i Tr\u00ed H\u1ea3i – 7.12.2003)\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1i khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho \u00dd th\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m m\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ec3n ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi s\u00f3ng, tr\u00e0o l\u00ean xin \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00fai. N\u00fai nh\u01b0 Hy m\u00e3 l\u1ea1p s\u01a1n nh\u00f3n m\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t hai ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5ng tr\u1eddi. Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hu\u1ed1ng chi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t khao. T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n nhau nh\u01b0 trai g\u00e1i. T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 tri\u00eau d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 nhau l\u00e0m n\u00ean ng\u00e0y cho th\u1eddi gian. Hai b\u00ean qu\u1ea5n qu\u00fdt nhau quay v\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian. Kh\u00f4ng \u2013 Th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m suy t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o thi\u00ean h\u00e0 k\u1ef3 b\u00ed m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 10%. D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho k\u1ecbp chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n thi\u00ean li\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00f5i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>(12)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh trai g\u00e1i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00c9ros l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Cosmos.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng hay T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gia T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (ti\u1ebfp)<\/em>\u00a0: Karl Jaspers, Jean Fran\u00e7ois Revel, Raymond Aron, Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco, Soljenitsyne, Jean Paul Sartre\u2026 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 do Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n

20. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: V\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Karl Jaspers v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, Ch\u00faa, Kh\u1ed5ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn Jean Fran\u00e7ois Revel v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n Ni Marx Ni Jesus, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng s\u00f3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3\u2026 Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Sinh Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u00e0i<\/em>\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> L\u00fac n\u00e3y t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hermann Hesse th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Karl Jaspers v\u1edbi Die Grossen Philosophen \/ Nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y qua c\u00e2u \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B\u00e2le n\u0103m 1956 trong l\u1eddi d\u1eabn s\u00e1ch\u00a0: \u201cN\u00e9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi tinh t\u00fay tri\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, m\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do. B\u1edfi v\u1eady d\u00f9 l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mang \u01a1n Karl Jaspers trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1955, khi t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n nh\u1eadn ch\u00edn n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft\u201d theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Staline, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Vua H\u00f9ng. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn Karl Jaspers th\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Ulm (Danube) \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ingolstadt trong m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i – tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 M\u1eb9 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, N\u00e2g\u00e2juna, Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed, L\u00e3o t\u1eed gi\u1eefa khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00faa J\u00e9sus, Plotin, Kant, Socrate, Platon, Saint Augustin, Anaximandre, H\u00e9raclite, Parm\u00e9nide, Saint Anselme\u2026<\/p>\n

Jean Fran\u00e7ois Revel c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Raymond Aron l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn t\u00f4i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n. Raymond Aron gi\u00fap t\u00f4i h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh khi t\u00f4i tung d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 do Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Paris v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco, Alexander Soljenitsyne, Mircea Eliade, Jean Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Xenakis, Ren\u00e9 Huyghe, Edgar Morin, Anthony Burgess, Leopold Senghor, Jean Guiton, Linh m\u1ee5c Henri de Lubac, v.v\u2026 B\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p Alice Saunier-Seit\u00e9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, h\u1ee9a cho m\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u00f2ng \u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng sang n\u0103m 1981, sau m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u1ea5t c\u1eed, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Mitterrand l\u00ean thay, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c \u201cxu\u00fdt th\u00e0nh\u201d \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf d\u1edf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng hoan ngh\u00eanh m\u1eebng r\u1ee1. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ban C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 B\u00e1c s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ec7, Linh m\u1ee5c Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00ea Thanh Minh Ch\u00e2u, Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u00ean \u00c2n, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Kham, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Ch\u00ed, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Kh\u00ea, c\u00e1c anh V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Khoan, Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng, M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ed5, L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh Nh\u01a1n, Mai Th\u1ea3o, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u00e2n s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ban B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Soljenitsine, Tri\u1ebft gia Jean Paul Sartre, Tri\u1ebft gia Raymond Aron, Tri\u1ebft gia Michel Foucault (Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n), Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Thomas Nagel (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton), Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ernan McMullin (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Notre Dame, Hoa K\u1ef3). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3unh\u1eadn l\u1eddi (nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t xin xem \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng)\u00a0:<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"B\u1ea3n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 do t\u1ea1i Paris\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Nga. Nh\u01b0ng than \u00f4i, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m cho n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u00e0o trong Ban B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ti\u1ebfc thay, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ra t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eedi h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nga.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t tay c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n,
\nAlexandre Soljenitsyne
\n25.10.1979
\nCavendish<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"B\u1ea3n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc
\nParis, ng\u00e0y 1.10.1079<\/p>\n

G\u1eedi \u00d4ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i
\nCh\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9
\n25 rue Jaffeux
\n92230 Gennevilliers<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a \u00d4ng,<\/p>\n

Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m 21.9, v\u00e0 sau khi suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9, t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u00e0o Ban B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, mong \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Raymond Aron<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"B\u1ea3n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Paris ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 11<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 vinh d\u1ef1 t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Ban B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 r\u1eafp t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 do th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Xin h\u00e3y tin v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

J.P. Sartre<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nKh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m Express<\/em> t\u1ea1i Paris \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Raymond Aron \u0111\u1ec3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Giscard dEstaing ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201cM\u1ed9t Chi\u1ebfc T\u00e0u Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d do c\u01a1 s\u1edf Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9 x\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1978. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1edd h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u1ed5i danh Raymond Moretti v\u1ebd cho hai b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f9 C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c Thuy\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng \u00c2u C\u01a1 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh. Nh\u1edd h\u1ecda s\u0129 L\u00ea T\u00e0i \u0110i\u1ec3n n\u1eafn b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thuy\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n \u0111em t\u1eb7ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng hai l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Giscard dEstaing kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ee9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft b\u1ed3 v\u1edbi Brejnev n\u00ean s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng M\u1ea1c T\u01b0 Khoa khi ph\u1ea3i cho\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i qua chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n. L\u00fd do th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u1edbt Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng quota<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p. Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu Minute<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u00e1o n\u00e0y r\u00eau rao \u201cGi\u00fap l\u00e0m qu\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a theo Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e1 Ph\u00e1p\u201d<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u1ecdn t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh b\u00e1o Minute<\/em> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u201cch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia\u201d TN \u1edf Paris v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m b\u00e8 \u00f4ng ta vu c\u00e1o t\u00f4i \u201c\u0103n ti\u1ec1n Con T\u00e0u\u201d. T\u00f4i truy t\u1ed1 b\u00e1o Minute<\/em> ra to\u00e0 \u00e1n Paris v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0y x\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ly khai Leonid Pliouchtch, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef Claudie Broyelle (Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch U\u1ef7 ban M\u1ed9t Chi\u1ebfc T\u00e0u Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam), nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Olivier Todd (Ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Express<\/em>), b\u00e0 Fran\u00e7oise Gautier (Th\u1ee7 q\u0169y U\u1ef7 ban M\u1ed9t Chi\u1ebfc T\u00e0u Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam)… \u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Raymond Aron v\u00e0 Jean Paul Sartre l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng song th\u01b0\u1edf sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ed1 Ulm, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1ng, tranh c\u00e3i nh\u01b0 s\u1eebng v\u1edbi \u0111u\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00fd t\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201cM\u1ed9t Chi\u1ebfc T\u00e0u Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1ea9y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o g\u1eb7p T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Giscard dEstaing. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1edf \u1ea5y \u201cNh\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nhau sau 23 n\u0103m tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00f9 h\u1eadn\u00a0: Sartre \u2013 Aron\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hermann Hesse v\u00e0 Karl Jaspers, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Jean Fran\u00e7ois Revel c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Raymond Aron l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thanh to\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n C\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhau, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i qua hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i\u00a0: Sinh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 \u201cLu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d<\/em> gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c suy t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4i m\u1edbi chung c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u00c2u M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi ly khai \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean Quy\u1ec1n Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c t\u00f4i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ef1 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tri th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y tri\u1ebft gia Jean-Paul Sartre ng\u1ecf \u00fd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Namqua ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0: \u201cV\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u00a0?\u201d. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u00edt l\u00e2u sau \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Sartre bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m li\u00ean mi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u201d n\u00ean \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u201d \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ea th\u1ea3m. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u1ede Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d<\/em>. (La libert\u00e9 critique est totale en URSS)\u00a0; ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c s\u0129 Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Munich l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng (justifi\u00e9). Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u00f4ng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn Li\u00ean X\u00f4, l\u1ea7n sau \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Palestine.<\/p>\n

Sartre l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i q\u1ee7y bi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Nouvel Observateur \u1edf Paris tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, nh\u01b0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh (transcendence), t\u00e1i sinh, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u0111ang nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft gia Deleuze \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cSartre ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t trong l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a, ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o qu\u00e1n Flore\u00a0<\/a>(13)<\/a>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d<\/em> (Sartre na jamais cess\u00e9 d\u00eatre-\u00e7\u00e0, non pas un mod\u00e8le, une m\u00e9thode ou exemple, mais un peu dair pur, un courant dair m\u00eame quand il venait au Flore, un intellectuel qui changeait singuli\u00e8rement la situation de lintellectuel).<\/p>\n

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<\/a>(12)<\/a> Tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Tri-s\u00e2hasra-mah\u00e2-s\u00e2hasra-loka-dh\u00e2tu) l\u00e0 ba ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 x\u01b0a. L\u1ea5y n\u00fai Tu Di l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, bao quanh c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u, 9 d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u00e0 8 l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n bao b\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1000 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1000 Ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Trung thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1000 Trung thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1eady Tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi + Trung thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi + \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) g\u1ed3m ngh\u00ecn tr\u0103m \u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chung chung l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Tam thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. <\/p>\n

<\/a>(13)<\/a> Flore<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u00ean qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n Les Deux Magots<\/em> \u1edf Paris qu\u1eadn 6, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Saint Germains des Pr\u00e9s, n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Boris Vian\u2026 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7n sinh cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40 sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

16. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: Quy\u1ec3n \u201cLu\u1eadn Chi\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Ngo\u00e0i\u201d, v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110i T\u1edbi T\u1eadn C\u00f9ng S\u1ef1 Ho\u00e1 Gi\u1ea3i D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua, m\u1edf quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":458,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-sach-cua-vo-van-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/458"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}