{"id":1544,"date":"2010-11-16T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-11-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/queme.org\/all\/all\/cu-hi-36-40\/"},"modified":"2016-09-09T13:44:32","modified_gmt":"2016-09-09T13:44:32","slug":"cu-hi-36-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/cu-hi-36-40\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9<\/i> : C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 36-40"},"content":{"rendered":"

36. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: Trong v\u00e0i b\u00e0i \u201ct\u1ea1p ghi\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u . M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng o \u00e9p t\u00f4i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i h\u00f3c x\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1eedng l\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng khi quan s\u00e1t \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea5u Tranh. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fat n\u00e0o tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c V\u1ed1n Hay L\u01a1 Ng\u01a1\u201d \/ v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ed1n C\u1ea7n C\u1ee5 Th\u1ec3\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0? C\u00e1i c\u00f5i \u201ctr\u00ed \u1ea3o\u201d chu\u1ed9ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c\u201d s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd xung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? \u00d4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o\u00a0? T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u01b0\u00a0? Hay th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do \u201ch\u01b0 v\u00f4 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ea3 r\u1ebd\u00a0? T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p. H\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i. C\u00e1i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean (dualism)<\/em>, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u201ctr\u00ed \u1ea3o\u201d, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt\u201d. Trong khi \u1ea5y, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, hai m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. B\u00ean tr\u00ean hay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn m\u00e2y tr\u1eddi, tr\u0103ng gi\u00f3 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. Th\u1eddi \u00f4ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh b\u00ean T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n tri h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/em> r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb suy t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (non-duality)<\/em>. B\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. B\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb hai th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 minh\u00a0: kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh tha h\u00f3a t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/em> (t\u00ednh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9), v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/em> hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh\/lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00f4 minh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi (l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb). \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n b\u00ean trong, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i bi chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00fang sinh. C\u1ea3 hai h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n lo ri\u00eang cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 kh\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u201ctranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c V\u1ed1n Hay L\u01a1 Ng\u01a1\u201d \/ v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ed1n C\u1ea7n C\u1ee5 Th\u1ec3\u201d<\/em> nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecb th\u1eafc m\u1eafc s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn. \u201cC\u00e1i c\u00f5i \u201ctr\u00ed \u1ea3o\u201d chu\u1ed9ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c\u201d s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em> c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, tr\u1eebu tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

37. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ed3m 31 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00eau ra v\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129 lan man\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (Grammaire \/ Grammar<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e1ch m\u1eb9o\u201d<\/em>, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00e1p<\/em>) cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng do nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p\u00a0? ho\u1eb7c cho \u00c2u ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p\u00a0? Cho ti\u1ebfng \u00c2u ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t\u00a0? Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cv\u0103n ph\u1ea1m\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0u c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u201cv\u0103n ph\u1ea1m\u201d Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n M\u00e3 Th\u1ecb V\u0103n th\u00f4ng<\/em>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf ta v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam V\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, B\u00f9i K\u1ef7, Ph\u1ea1m Duy Khi\u00eam. \u1ede ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u, v\u0103n n\u00f3i (b\u1ea1ch tho\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft (v\u0103n ng\u00f4n) kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch Grammaire l\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00e1p. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n vi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng v\u0103n n\u00f3i, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u1eef v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. 70% v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfng N\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef La tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n (dyslexia), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 cho ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb<\/em> (pronom\/pronoun) nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p hay ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u mang t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng khi x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p hay Anh l\u00e0\u00a0: je, tu, il, nous, vous, ils<\/em>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u l\u00e0\u00a0: ng\u00e3, n\u1ec5, tha, ng\u00e3 m\u00f4n, n\u1ec5 m\u00f4n, tha m\u00f4n<\/em>. Ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 b\u00ean T\u00e0u th\u1eddi Nghi\u00eau, Thu\u1ea5n, vua t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1eabn x\u01b0ng vua b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eef<\/em> (m\u1ea7y), t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u1eabm<\/em> (ta), \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh ch\u1eef tr\u1eabm<\/em> (ta) cho ri\u00eang vua, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00e1m d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef tr\u1eabm \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng ta n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb (c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, b\u1ef1<\/em>) n\u00ean g\u1ecdi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, b\u00e0, b\u00e1c, ch\u00fa, ch\u00e1u, con, em, c\u00f4, d\u00ec, c\u1eadu, m\u1ee3, c\u1ee5,<\/em> v.v\u2026 Minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch, quan l\u1ea1i, gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb nhau\u00a0? Ch\u1eef c\u1ee5<\/em> l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4n vinh gi\u1edbi quan l\u1ea1i hay gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Hu\u1ebf g\u1ecdi c\u1ee5 k\u00e9o xe<\/em> th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc d\u00e2n \u0111en.<\/p>\n

– \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng article (m\u1ea1o t\u1ef1) trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cv\u0103n ph\u1ea1m\u201d d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef con, c\u00e1i<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n th\u1ebf\u00a0: Con<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean danh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (con chim, con voi, con g\u00e0). C\u00e1i<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean danh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m ra (c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e1i b\u00e0n). Ch\u1eef con<\/em> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/em> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 con chim, con t\u00e0u, con dao\u2026 ngay b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n sinh d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i nam c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi con c.. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, c\u00e1i nh\u00e0\u2026 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l.. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 ch\u1eef nh\u00e0<\/em> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef t\u0129nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef con, c\u00e1i<\/em> nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p le, la<\/em> \u0111\u00e2u. Khi n\u00f3i chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, su\u1ed1i t\u00f3c, l\u00f3ng tay, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c ch\u1eef chi\u1ebfc, cu\u1ed1n, s\u1ee3i, su\u1ed1i, l\u00f3ng\u2026<\/em> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p\u00a0?<\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 khi v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p hai, ba, b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0 lu\u00fdnh qu\u00fdnh lo\u00e1ng qu\u00e1ng, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i\u2026<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ta h\u1ecfi con c\u00e1i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u00a0: Je viens de l\u00e9cole \/ Con t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, Con \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1<\/em>. T\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/em> l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd n\u00f3i Con \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1<\/em>, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc xong m\u1edbi v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

– Theo thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng gian. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra c\u00e1c th\u00ec<\/em> (th\u1eddi gian) r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ngo\u00e0i ba th\u00ec<\/em> qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u00ec<\/em> ph\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 18 th\u00ec<\/em>. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cv\u0103n ph\u1ea1m\u201d kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec<\/em> m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em>. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p hay \u00c2u ch\u00e2u n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ba ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang, s\u1ebd<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 chia th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Khi ta n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n sang M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1975\u201d, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 xong trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u201cB\u00e1o Gi\u00f3-O \u0111\u00e3<\/em> l\u00ean trang\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3<\/em> n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u0111ang<\/em> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai\u00a0: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111ang<\/em> \u0111i th\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York\u201d, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u201cTu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111ang<\/em> l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ec ch\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m\u201d, v\u1eady \u0111ang<\/em> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u201cXin b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang<\/em> l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ec ch\u1edb gh\u00e9 th\u0103m\u201d, \u0111ang<\/em> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef s\u1ebd<\/em> c\u0169ng v\u1eady\u00a0: \u201cTu\u1ea7n sau t\u00f4i s\u1ebd<\/em> sang Paris ch\u01a1i\u201d, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd<\/em> \u0111i Los ngay\u201d, s\u1ebd<\/em> ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i tr\u1ec5 chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u00ec s\u1ebd<\/em> kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi k\u1ecbp cu\u1ed9c h\u1eb9n\u201d, s\u1ebd<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i ch\u1eef n\u1ebfu<\/em> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean ba ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2u Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Du kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef n\u1ebfu<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef d\u1ea7u<\/em> hay d\u1eabu\u00a0: D\u1ea7u khi l\u00e1 th\u1eafm ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed3ng \/ D\u1eabu l\u00eca ng\u00f3 \u00fd c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01a1 l\u00f2ng \/ D\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng qu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e2u<\/em>. V\u1eady th\u1eddi c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Du kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef n\u1ebfu<\/em>, hay l\u00e0\u2026\u00a0?<\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf<\/em> nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em> thay v\u00ec ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0?<\/em> D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u h\u01b0\u1edbng theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, c\u00f2n ta th\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1eeb m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i v\u00e0o<\/em> s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u (entrer en sc\u00e8ne \/ entrer sur la sc\u00e8ne), ta th\u00ec n\u00f3i ra<\/em> s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u n\u00f3i l\u00ean<\/em> Paris, xu\u1ed1ng<\/em> Marseille, th\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> B\u1eafc Kinh, h\u1ea1<\/em> Giang Nam. Ta th\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u00f4<\/em> Saigon, ra<\/em> Hu\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean<\/em> Hu\u1ebf, xu\u1ed1ng<\/em> Saigon.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u1ea1i d\u00e1ng sau\u00a0: con ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng, le cheval blanc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ngo\u1ea1i d\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u00a0: b\u1ea1ch m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1eafm, v\u00e0i khi nghe ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a ai d\u00e1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng M\u00f4n Khmer. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t M\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 M\u00f4n Khmer c\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u201cthu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t\u201d\u00a0? Do c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t. B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng<\/em>, nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9 sinh<\/em> th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebb<\/em>, \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch<\/em> th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u01a1i<\/em>, phi c\u00f4ng<\/em> th\u00e0nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i<\/em> khi tr\u1ecf \u201cgi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9\u201d c\u00f2n phi c\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i<\/em>. N\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n anh h\u00f9ng phi c\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/em>. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea trong th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Minh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, em c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng\u201d<\/em> thay v\u00ec em c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

C\u00e0 k\u00ea d\u00ea ng\u1ed7ng c\u00f2n d\u00e0i. Xin h\u1eb9n d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i th\u00eam\u2026<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u t\u1ea3 khuynh t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n

38. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean Mi\u1ec1n Nam du h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 theo C\u1ecdng S\u1ea3n th\u1eddi 1960 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Giao\u2026 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m T\u1ea3 n\u00e0y trong th\u1ee9 \u201ct\u00e2m l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn\u201d, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i phe Qu\u1ed1c Gia trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Qu\u1ed1c C\u1ecdng Nam B\u1eafc 1954-1975 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Hai l\u00fd do l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, con \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u cha. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c quen bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1eaft kh\u00f3 xin th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh du h\u1ecdc. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c du h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m t\u1eeb di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u00fa. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho con \u0111i du h\u1ecdc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, con \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u cha, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, xa l\u00eca qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p \u0111i theo hai l\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n ch\u01a1i, ph\u00e8 ph\u1ee1n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb phe Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n b\u01a1 v\u01a1, nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 nh\u1edb n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd theo \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, v\u1eeba y\u00ean t\u0129nh, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3n. Ch\u1ec9 ba ng\u00e0y sau, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi han\u00a0: Anh m\u1edbi qua\u00a0? H\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh g\u00ec\u00a0? Nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0? C\u00f3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? C\u1ea7n g\u00ec anh cho bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u00a0? Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. L\u1ea1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ebfm hoi, \u00e2n c\u1ea7n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00e2n\u00a0? T\u1eeb h\u1ecfi han, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ebfm nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd\u2026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eddi t\u00f4i ra qu\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd\u2026 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc non. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi du h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbt ch\u00e2n r\u00e1o l\u1ecdt ngay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u (C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n). Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean 17, 18 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o sao kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tay \u201cth\u00e2n \u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng – m\u1eb9 m\u00ecn\u00a0?<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean S\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh kh\u1ec7 n\u1ec7, xa l\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat th\u00e2n \u00e1i, c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi S\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n VNCH \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e2n. Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cm\u1ea1nh ai n\u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng\u201d, \u00edt th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1m th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c, hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng hay nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111a s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o tay tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u201cC\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d \u1edf Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cu\u1ed9c \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u00f4n th\u1edd ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c-L\u00ea. Qua sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb x\u00edch h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1eeda. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 phe t\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, th\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u01a1n l\u00e0 phe h\u1eefu qu\u00e1 xa c\u00e1ch, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u khi tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, sau t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p hay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 phe Qu\u1ed1c gia (th\u01b0\u1edf \u1ea5y c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u201c\u0103n h\u00fat\u201d g\u00e1n cho gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd n\u0103m 1975, v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u01b0\u1ee3t Bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u th\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c qu\u1eadt d\u1eady c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 xung k\u00edch ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p (Francophonie) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 14 \u0111\u1ebfn 16.11.1997 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Jacques Chirac. \u0110\u1ea1i quan b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. Song \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao uy t\u00edn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. <\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 U\u1ef7 ban B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tung L\u1eddi K\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1edb qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. L\u1eddi K\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o Le Monde \u1edf Paris v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e2n s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jacques Chirac can thi\u1ec7p cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 to\u1ea1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i. Xin xem L\u1eddi K\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Le Monde trang b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh\u00a0: <\/font><\/span>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

39. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb phe Qu\u1ed1c Gia m\u00e0 r\u1ed3i theo ph\u00f2 phe C\u1ecdng S\u1ea3n. Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u201cnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u201ckh\u00f3 x\u1eed\u201d v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a theo phe T\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a q\u00faa \u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u201ctr\u1edbt qu\u1edbt\u201d d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0? \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 u t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo ph\u00f2 C\u1ecdng S\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Do quan s\u00e1t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i n\u0103m 75 n\u00ean ch\u1ecb th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. B\u1edfi l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eafc b\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Song l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc 75. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i g\u00ec gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1966, l\u00fac Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i xung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c to\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00f3 hai \u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi sang Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (\u0110T, NTS) \u1edf c\u1ea5p tham t\u00e1n. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf, h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u0111i theo M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ai, l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u00a0? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u00e1n cho gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri hay l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf, r\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Yersin \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y hai gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Yersin c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi v\u1ef1c trong suy ngh\u0129 hay t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ngay t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh (sau \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00f2ng Pellerin v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tuy hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch nhau ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t, hai c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. T\u00f4i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00ec sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh \u201cl\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1eaft l\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00f2ng Pellerin.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc sinh Yersin \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, quy t\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi con nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u hay th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0103n ch\u01a1i, nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7m, ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean, thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ai \u01b0u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m sao gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh hay ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia hay c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0? \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y du h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p. Sang \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, do ph\u00eda c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, n\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc non. Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. K\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh T\u00e2y say r\u01b0\u1ee3u h\u00e1t h\u00f2 \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 h\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n, n\u01a1i l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ch\u00fang b\u1eadt qu\u1eb9t l\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00e1i tranh \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u00e0, b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00ec nghi ng\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Minh, hay h\u00e3m hi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo Ph\u00e1p\u00a0? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m s\u00fang chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00ec sao m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, v\u00ec sao \u0103n, v\u00ec sao ng\u1ee7, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ai\u00a0? Trong khi \u1ea5y phe qu\u1ed1c gia l\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 \u1ef7 y v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u0103ng hay \u0110\u00f4 la, v\u00e0o l\u00e1 b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i bang, nh\u01b0ng xa r\u1eddi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ec9nh, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ba \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, kinh t\u1ebf. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u0169 h\u00f3a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng Thi\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o tri\u1ec7u, t\u1ec9 \u0110\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u1ef9 c\u00fap vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, h\u1ecd ng\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n nay, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng-C\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/em>, khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1i ngu, c\u00e1i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0?<\/p>\n

40. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 a t\u00f2ng theo hai l\u1ed1i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0: T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u00cdt ai c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n dung h\u00f3a c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ea3n sinh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u H\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129 phu nh\u01b0 Minh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y theo phe T\u1ea3. Do bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u1ecd, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 th\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n – L\u00c0M QUAN. L\u00e0m quan phe t\u1ea3 hay l\u00e0m quan phe h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u quan li\u00eau nh\u01b0 nhau. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan l\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u00f4ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, \u00f4ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1\u2026 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u00d4ng C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i – nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m c\u1edd ch\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7u. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh khi h\u00f9a theo phe t\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a phe t\u1ea3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i im l\u1eb7ng, t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, m\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, kh\u00ed th\u1ebf quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i \u00e1c\u00a0? H\u00f3a ra \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u201cl\u00e0m quan\u201d trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u nguy d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1edb cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0m kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa t\u00f4i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n sau ng\u00e0y 30.4 n\u0103m 1975. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng qua l\u1ea1i, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, khi chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, l\u00fac chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc non. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0m v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 hay l\u1ea5y h\u1eb9n. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xong, \u00f4ng H\u00e3n khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Giao m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 quen bi\u1ebft. Tuy bi\u1ebft t\u00ean \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1eddi h\u00f2a h\u1ed9i Paris \u00f4ng ta th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch cho Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng H\u00e3n r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: \u201c\u00d4ng Giao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 quan, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p quan b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1eafm b\u00e1c \u1ea1\u201d.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng \u201cM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i K\u00fd v\u00e3ng v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n \u00f4ng H\u00e3n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng H\u00e3n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim c\u1ee7a vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh (xem \u201cM\u1ed9t C\u01a1n Gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00f4ng H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ea3m n\u1ea1n \u201c\u0111\u1ea3ng tranh\u201d nguy bi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m can mong mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Song cu\u1ed9c x\u00edch ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eddi 1945 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u00eau linh t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00ean H\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai th\u1ee9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/em>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/em>. L\u1edbp nh\u00e0 nho B\u1eafc h\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay l\u1edbp \u00f4ng H\u00e3n xem r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ph\u1ee5c giang s\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 vua Gia Long, nay l\u00e0 vua H\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1945. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp s\u1ebd t\u00ednh t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n sau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh sau th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. V\u00ec \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Bao nhi\u00eau tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u1eadm \u0111\u1eafng nu\u1ed1t cay sau ng\u00e0y C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ec5\u00a0: nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ea5n trong Nam\u2026 v\u1edbi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft t\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Paris v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i x\u00f3t \u0111au, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, bi t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00e0. N\u00f3i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea3ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn. Tuy v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Ph\u00e1p con m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i danh b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u1ed3, b\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (gi\u1ecdng B\u1eafc) tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1eb3n. B\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho phe C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. D\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ee5p m\u0169 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 l\u1ed1i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u2013 C\u1ed9ng \u2013 s\u1ea3n<\/em> nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn – h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n – cho phe C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o cho t\u00e1 t\u00fac th\u1eddi gian t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 khi m\u1edbi qua Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 qua trung gian b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00e0, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, d\u00f9 \u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. G\u1eb7p \u00f4ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00f4n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30. T\u00f4i t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ea5y giao thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thi\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u00ean t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hai n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng leo t\u00e1m t\u1ea7ng thang g\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u1eadn n\u00f3c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecd g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng cao to \u0111\u1eaby \u0111\u00e0, nh\u00ecn \u00f4ng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i nh\u1ec5 nh\u00e3i, nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf g\u1ea5p m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i. L\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u00f4ng m\u1eddi t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trung l\u1eadp ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc. Tho\u1ea1t nghe h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Song trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i chen v\u00e0o n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng H\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho l\u00e1 b\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1eefu m\u1eddi \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u mong tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng H\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1eddi t\u00f4i tham gia. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 65, 66, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kh\u00ea c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nay \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u00e0 M\u1ed9ng Trung, \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o t\u00f4i theo M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00e0, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kh\u00ea \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u1ed5 t\u1ea3 – h\u1eefu e kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn minh b\u1ea1ch. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ba \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u1edd c\u00e1i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ph\u00eda t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Ph\u00e1p Philippe Devillers, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i danh cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed Histoire du Viet Nam de 1940 \u00e0 1952<\/em> (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1940 \u0111\u1ebfn 1952 vi\u1ebft chung v\u1edbi Jean Lacouture) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u00dac William Burchett \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Paris mong thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i theo M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 trong ba gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi hai \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u1ea3 – h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y nh\u1eefng con thi\u00eau th\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u00ean tr\u00ean, k\u1ebb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5, t\u1ea3 – h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n x\u00ec ph\u00e9.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 t\u1ea3 hay h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 g\u00e1i \u00dd n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, 1967, t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 hai cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn cho Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d th\u1eddi \u1ea5y mang ngh\u0129a phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n \u201cho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn\u201d. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ea9y sinh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, kh\u1ed5 lu\u1ef5. Gi\u1eefa Goliath v\u00e0 David, ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 xe, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u David. Tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u1eadt d\u00e2y thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c T\u01b0 Khoa th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u1ea3 khuynh Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf, n\u00ean thay v\u00ec t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o su\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng<\/em>\u00a0<\/a>(18)<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi nanh vu\u1ed1t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh quanh \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile do Danilo Dolci t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Danilo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gandhi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdn Mafia. Ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft Mafia \u00dd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile gian \u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Chicago, New York b\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Mafia \u00dd. Danilo \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Danilo Dolci trong s\u00e1ch \u201cTi\u1ebfng k\u00eau tr\u1ea7m th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/strong><\/em> do nh\u00e0 L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Saigon n\u0103m 1968. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh \u0111\u1ea3o cho ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0y t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 Carlo Levi, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 Cristo si \u00e8 fermato a Eboli<\/em> (Ch\u00faa Ki t\u00f4 d\u1eebng \u1edf Eboli).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Sau<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Sau khi nghe t\u00f4i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Palerme tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile, Carlo Levi v\u1ebd b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u1edf Sicile t\u1eb7ng t\u00f4i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cT\u1eb7ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i trong t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu huynh \u0111\u1ec7 – Palerme 11.3.1967\u201d<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nT\u1ea1i Palerme sau khi t\u00f4i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00f4ng v\u1ebb tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile t\u1eb7ng t\u00f4i. Do \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u n\u00ean t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed9c m\u00e3 theo l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1966 t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng. Sau n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u00dd v\u1ec1 Rome do \u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01a1 t\u00f4i cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u00dd nghe.<\/p>\n

Sau chuy\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Sicile l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u00dd cho ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chia l\u00e0m hai \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc \u00dd xuy\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ee5 \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Rome v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Nam \u00dd xuy\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00ean Rome. \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng do nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 Carlo Levi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110o\u00e0n Nam do Danilo Dolci v\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Rome th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 em b\u00e9 g\u00e1i kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ea1y ra ch\u1eadn t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi\u00a0: \u201cV\u00ec sao chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0?\u201d<\/em> C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u01b0 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u00f4i s\u1eefng s\u1edd trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng h\u1ecdng. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c\u1ed5n tho\u1ea3\u201d v\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u201d. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, \u201c\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ebft ph\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/em>. Hai l\u00e0, \u201cC\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t x\u00e2m l\u0103ng mi\u1ec1n Nam gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh\u201d<\/em>. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c em thi\u1ebfu nhi \u00dd \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebfn em th\u00e0nh t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/em> hay thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/em> theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n sinh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX b\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111e d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n tranh. Sau ph\u00fat do d\u1ef1, t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi em\u00a0: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau b\u00e1o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u00dd vi\u1ebft l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 l\u00e2m ly. R\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu nhi h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00ec V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi xa x\u0103m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111ang gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t\u2026 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh hay s\u1eeda sai nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft b\u1eady v\u00e0 l\u00e1o\u00a0?!<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1ea5y b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e1 c\u1edd M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo phe M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u1ea5y. Ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ea1i c\u1edb t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u chung \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0! H\u1ecd c\u0169ng thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e1 c\u1edd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean xin tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1 c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i v\u1ebb ki\u1ec3u cho h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y ra tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u00f4n xao \u0111i ki\u1ebfm v\u1ea3i may c\u1edd ng\u0169 s\u1eafc, n\u0103m m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u0103m m\u00e0u h\u00e0o quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. B\u00e1o h\u1ea1i h\u00f4m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, h\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e2u mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea3i. Ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i v\u00e0o t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n h\u1ecfi mua v\u1ea3i. H\u00e0ng gi\u1edd m\u1edbi ki\u1ebfm ra b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m m\u00e0u. H\u1ecfi mua th\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1eb7ng khi nghe c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i trong \u0111o\u00e0n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. T\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, h\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o r\u1edbt m\u00f9ng t\u01a1i th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng cam, n\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ecb n\u1eef v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng cam nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m kh\u0103n tr\u1ea3i n\u00f4i cho ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 m\u1edbi sinh. Song nghe xong l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 li\u1ec1n l\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n trao t\u1eb7ng. C\u1ea3 ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u00dd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh cho ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u0103m 1967, l\u00e1 c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Rome m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u00dd \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o tri\u1ec1u La M\u00e3. Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hi h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"T\u00e1c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tham gia bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Vienne, \u00c1o, cho t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tru\u1edbc th\u1ec1m H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do LHQ t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1993.<\/font><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>(18)<\/a> T\u00e2m c\u00f4ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n, g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV khi \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0103n th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh gi\u1eb7c d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng, thay v\u00ec t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Trong 12 th\u00e0nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00ec L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 2 th\u00e0nh, 10 th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i Ch\u00ed Linh s\u01a1n ph\u00fa\u00a0: \u201dTh\u00e0nh gi\u1eb7c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u00e1u m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u1edf\u201d<\/em>. Trong b\u00e0i B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00e1o \u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u201dTa m\u01b0u ph\u1ea1t t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t\u201d<\/em>. (xem \u201dNguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Sinh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/strong>, V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i, Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9, Paris 1981, 1985, 1992).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

36. L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ec7\u00a0: Trong v\u00e0i b\u00e0i \u201ct\u1ea1p ghi\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u . M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng o \u00e9p t\u00f4i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i h\u00f3c x\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1eedng l\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":458,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-sach-cua-vo-van-ai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/458"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1544\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}