{"id":34277,"date":"2016-11-04T08:00:15","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T08:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/?p=34277"},"modified":"2016-11-30T18:39:54","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T18:39:54","slug":"danh-xung-ghpgvntn-den-tu-dau-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/danh-xung-ghpgvntn-den-tu-dau-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Danh x\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ? (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo-cau-chuyen-cuoi-tuan\"<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i, trong b\u00e0i 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 1963 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia m\u00e1c-x\u00edt mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n M\u1ea1c T\u01b0 Khoa. Xin \u00f4ng khai tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y\u00a0?<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u m\u00ea v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh theo l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. V\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u mang trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng an, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111i t\u00ecm k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111i s\u0103n th\u00fa. K\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu h\u1ecd gi\u1ebft nhanh, k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u01b0u khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u00e1n tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ecdt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.Ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c Ph\u1eadt giao kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u01a1i c\u00e1c xung l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, phe \u0111\u1ea3ng, b\u00e8 nh\u00f3m. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c xung l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd qua \u0111i nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng m\u00e2y, h\u1ea1t m\u00f3c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m qua, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u00e1c- x\u00edt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i theo d\u00f5i cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eebng th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u201cg\u00e1n gh\u00e9p\u201d v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Ngay v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn \u0111ang xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c trong l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 qua thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> n\u0103m 1971, sau \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch \u201cH\u1ec7 \u00dd th\u1ee9c T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d<\/em> ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ec \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u00f4ng du h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (1928) r\u1ed3i sau qua th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf M\u1ea1c T\u01b0 Khoa (1931). Nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Duy v\u1eadt S\u1eed quan, n\u00ean \u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 khi ta \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u01a1 c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Phong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em> l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m kinh ng\u1ea1c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Gi\u00e0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t, v\u00e0 mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ec c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc [m\u00e0] n\u01b0\u1edbc ta x\u01b0a nay \u00edt khi b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00eau c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1ea9y sinh \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d<\/em> th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Hai l\u00fd do \u00f4ng n\u00eau b\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1925 \u2013 1926, l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t t\u00edn \u0111\u00f2, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng. Hai l\u00e0, xin tr\u00edch l\u1eddi \u00f4ng\u00a0: \u201cNh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930 \u2013 1931 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf kh\u1eafp Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (\u2026) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec v\u1eady Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam K\u1ef3 cho Com-mi Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cH\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed T\u1eeb Bi \u00c2m ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1931\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean sai. \u00d4ng Gi\u00e0u mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp l\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh\u201d \u1edf v\u00f9ng Thanh \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u00e3nh ti\u1ebfn tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, song v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 x\u00f4n xao \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang t\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi gian 1930 \u2013 1931, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh 13 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n Phong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a \u1edf Nam b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1920, l\u1eadp th\u01b0 x\u00e3, th\u1ec9nh ba T\u1ea1ng kinh, d\u1ecbch ra qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o T\u0103ng t\u00e0i, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u00e1p \u00c2m<\/em>. Phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1920 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Trung B\u1ed9 trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian. \u1ede B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, T\u1ed5 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng x\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Th\u1eadp Th\u00e1p v\u00e0 Long Kh\u00e1nh. Sau n\u00e0y T\u1ed5 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec9nh ra Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1931 t\u1ea1i S\u01a1n M\u00f4n H\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i do H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1c Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u01b0 s\u0129 L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e1m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kinh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Tuy \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 trong Phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Cao t\u0103ng v\u00e0 C\u01b0 s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m<\/em> b\u00ean Trung qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i, n\u0103m 1912, c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean b\u00ean Trung qu\u1ed1c, k\u00e9o theo phong tr\u00e0o Canh t\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt giao Trung qu\u1ed1c do c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ebf Nh\u00e0n Qu\u00e1n T\u00f4ng, Vi\u00ean \u1ea2nh v\u00e0 Thanh ni\u00ean T\u0103ng Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u1eadp c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m<\/em>. C\u00f4ng lao ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 x\u00fay 3 cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o s\u1ea3n<\/em>. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, Anh, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt, v.v\u2026 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1ea1i Trung qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o C\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e2m<\/em> do c\u00e1c C\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. V\u00ec t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby gi\u1edbi T\u0103ng l\u1eef kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh tu h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00fang ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa m\u00ea t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 sinh nhai.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n hay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Phong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0?<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m M\u00e1c-x\u00edt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay s\u00e1ch in ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u00e0m l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0: S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu, H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa V\u0103n, Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh hay Phan V\u0103n H\u00f9m. Hai \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Phan V\u0103n H\u00f9m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1edf h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, l\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 khuynh, n\u00ean khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, h\u1ecd hay quy chi\u1ebfu l\u00fd lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Marx hay T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa V\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng<\/em> tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Tr\u00e0ng An<\/em> v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng<\/em> c\u00f4ng k\u00edch Phong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: \u201cR\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 [Ph\u00e1p]<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Vi\u00ean \u00c2m<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ebf s\u1ed1 13, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 13-8-1935, C\u01b0 s\u0129 Xu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u201cch\u1ee5p m\u0169\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng 3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u201cl\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ec \u201cl\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 theo\u201d<\/em>, v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u201cn\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u201d<\/em>, r\u1ed3i Xu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 ta v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d\u00a0; hai l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc tuy \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1i m\u00ea t\u00edn nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d\u00a0; v\u00e0 ba l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u c\u00f2n b\u00e0i b\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau C\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, khi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eebng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng\u201d<\/em>. H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 sau 2500 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c t\u00ecm xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i g\u00ec\u00a0! N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec e c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u1edd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00ecm xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i g\u00ec, v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a l\u00fd kinh, c\u1ed1t m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t huy l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc y khoa th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao th\u00e0nh b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30, th\u00ec nay ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0?\u00a0! Trong khi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn uy nghi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa V\u0103n, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef Kh\u1ed5<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dukkha<\/em>, trong T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai, th\u00e0nh Ba La N\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eef Kh\u1ed5<\/em> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 mang ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt mi\u1ebfng \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00ec sao\u00a0?<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Trong cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat s\u1eafc b\u00e9n. S\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng tr\u1ebb ti\u00ean phong theo T\u1ed5 Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a trong Phong Tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em> \u1edf Nam b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1920.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 qua t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m<\/em> h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m<\/em> khai th\u00f4ng th\u1eddi th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, n\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, bi\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh con c\u1edd vong b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, sa \u0111\u00e0 theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tranh ch\u1ea5p Duy T\u00e2m \u2013 Duy V\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1 ra s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n khi \u0111i theo C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. S\u01b0 b\u1ecb ng\u1ed1c ho\u00e1, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi S\u01b0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 30 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Minh r\u1ed3i Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng qua hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eeba sai. Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean theo Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1936, S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu b\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111i. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m \u0111i r\u1ed3i. Kinh l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng xem, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea1o\u00a0! B\u1edfi th\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1\u00a0; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng l\u1ea7m than, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5. Do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra\u00a0? l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa\u00a0? Ch\u1edb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n, S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng k\u00edch th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 S\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng thua lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec s\u01b0 cho l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 l\u00e1o d\u00f3c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n Chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1i praxis<\/em> \/ th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> T\u1ea1i sao qua nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec1 cao phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201cphi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Xem c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i\u00a0:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 xung kh\u1eafc hai m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u01b0a nay \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u b\u01b0\u1edbc qua l\u1eb1n ranh th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ecf g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00ean n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00fac gi\u00e0, ng\u1ed3i nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eadm mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra.<\/p>\n

Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u201cl\u00e0m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf\u201d<\/em>. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a ai qu\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1925, 1926, trong s\u1ed1 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i hoan h\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh, Phan Chu Trinh di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 \u00c1i h\u1eefu<\/em> t\u1ea1i Saigon, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 h\u00f4m \u0111i r\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng B\u00f9i Quang Chi\u00eau \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 T\u0103ng s\u0129 tr\u1ebb. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n\u00a0: \u201cAi xui Th\u1ea7y ch\u00f9a \u0111i bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh\u201d\u00a0?<\/em>, th\u00ec T\u0103ng s\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i tr\u00ean b\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: \u201cThuy\u1ebft T\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 xui Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tham gia nh\u0169ng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00fai c\u1ea3\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec tuy \u00f4ng Gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201ckinh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba\u201d nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0o. Trong khi \u1ea5y, An Nam Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc H\u1ed9i<\/em> ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf n\u0103m 1931, v\u00e0 theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1938 \u1edf ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1937, s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean l\u00e0 3000, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 T\u1ec9nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em> ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1935, theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n N\u0103ng Qu\u1ed1c cho bi\u1ebft sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2000 T\u0103ng Ni v\u00e0 10 ngh\u00ecn h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u im l\u1eb7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 xa s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4i. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed<\/em> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh hay c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngu d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0:<\/strong> Xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n C\u01b0 s\u0129 V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i v\u00e0 xin h\u1eb9n qu\u00fd th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u1edf C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t thanh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 1<\/a> <<<\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 >>> B\u00e0i 3<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u00a0: Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n \u00c1i, trong b\u00e0i 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 1963 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia m\u00e1c-x\u00edt mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":434,"featured_media":34273,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-cau-chuyen-cuoi-tuan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/434"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34277\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}