{"id":555,"date":"2006-02-09T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-02-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/queme.org\/en\/bao-chi-dng-trong-nyc-quay-cung-phat-dien-khi-hay-tin-hi-dng-chau-au-ra-quyt-ngh-1481-len-an-nhng-ti-ac-ca-cac-ch-d\/"},"modified":"2016-09-09T13:49:32","modified_gmt":"2016-09-09T13:49:32","slug":"bao-chi-dng-trong-nyc-quay-cung-phat-dien-khi-hay-tin-hi-dng-chau-au-ra-quyt-ngh-1481-len-an-nhng-ti-ac-ca-cac-ch-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/bao-chi-dng-trong-nyc-quay-cung-phat-dien-khi-hay-tin-hi-dng-chau-au-ra-quyt-ngh-1481-len-an-nhng-ti-ac-ca-cac-ch-d\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u00d0\u1ea3ng trong n\u00fd\u1edbc quay cu\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t \u00f0i\u00ean khi hay tin H\u1ed9i \u00f0\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ra Quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb 1481 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u00f0\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/www.queme.net\/images\/pace.jpg\")
PARIS – Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong hai ng\u00e0y 6 v\u00e0 7.2.2006, c\u00e1c t\u1edd Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng, Th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v.v… c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 1481 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1edd Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 27.1.2006.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i l\u00e0 “Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (t\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n) \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o, tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi”<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 t\u00edn g\u00e0o k\u00eau\u00a0: “Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nh\u1edb v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4”<\/i>. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0110\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay tr\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb. Hai t\u1edd Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00ec t\u1ea3 o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c “s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung qu\u1ed1c”<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, r\u1ed3i “c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20”<\/i> khi b\u1ecb “Go\u00f3c-ba-ch\u1ed1p ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i”<\/i>, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ra n\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Marx v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n gian \u00e1c theo l\u1ed1i tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n\u00a0: Tri\u1ebft gia Marx v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u00c2u M\u1ef9\u00a0; Marx l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 (\u00a0?) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0; cho n\u00ean “l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21”\u00a0!<\/i> R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u01b0\u1edbt b\u0103ng qua m\u1ecdi th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tay \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 Staline, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Pol Pot, v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c ca t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng “th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u” kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Trung qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c b\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f4m 7.2.2006 ghi c\u00f4ng\u00a0: “T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1”<\/i>. C\u00f2n Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 6.2.2006, th\u00ec “D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o an ninh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n Trung qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam”<\/i>.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh 2006 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WB) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng ty T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IFC) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u00f4m 14.9.2005, th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 99 trong s\u1ed1 155 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Theo b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Singapore \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1ng 2, Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1ng 20, M\u00e3 Lai \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1ng 21… C\u00f2n x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 143. Trong 59 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p (Low income economies), \u0111a s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u Phi, th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u00e1p ch\u00f3t trong 59 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Theo b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c minh b\u1ea1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 107 tr\u00ean 158 qu\u1ed1c gia tham nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec\u00a0? Khi n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, th\u00ec c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o” c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn nay\u00a0?<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean v\u00e0 quay cu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n \u00e1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1eeba ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 1481 h\u00f4m 25.2.2006 k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00fang y\u1ebfu huy\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o \u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea1o \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, t\u1edd Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea\u00a0: “Th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1edfi Nga \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 28% n\u0103m 2001 l\u00ean 32% n\u0103m 2005”<\/i>. \u0110\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p cho k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf tr\u00ean d\u1ed1c l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m\u00a0: trong v\u00f2ng 4 n\u0103m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n M\u00e1c L\u00eanin trong v\u00f2ng 73 n\u0103m, \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi “nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y mai h\u1ebft ca h\u00e1t” ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4%\u00a0! M\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga\u00a0! B\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Th\u1ee5y \u0111i\u1ec3n Goran Lindblad, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n
Khi mu\u1ed1n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0111a s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 d\u00e2n Nga mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Staline, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 ng\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Nga ch\u00e1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 nh\u01b0 h\u1ee7i. Khi mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft \u00e1n, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i t\u00e1n t\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m quy t\u1ed9i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1i Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, tranh lu\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ra l\u00e0m sao trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, suy ngh\u0129, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1949. Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Strasbourg mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 hai sau tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Brussels, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c B\u1ec9. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ed3m 25 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean T\u00e2y, \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u00c2u, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 46 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 21 qu\u1ed1c gia Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec7 cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb song song v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 trao truy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 1481 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 25.1.2006, v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o 99 phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn, 42 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u 9 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n nay. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n”.<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0? \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ghi nh\u1eadn\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“Nh\u00e2n danh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c “th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau” nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n”.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u 5 c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0: “S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u tra theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c g\u00e2y ra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp do \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y”.<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Strasbourg, \u1ee6y ban B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 1481, m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kinh qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tha th\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbn h\u00e8n. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e0i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u T\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 2 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m 8.2.2006.<\/p>\n
Trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng khuynh t\u1ea3 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 M\u00e1c-x\u00edt. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong n\u0103m 2004 ch\u1ec9 xo\u00e1y quanh s\u1ef1 lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ea3 khuynh \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (amendment) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m lo s\u1ee3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, khi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Catherine Saks<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc Estonia\u00a0: <\/p>\n
“N\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xa c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, do b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd t\u1eebng tham d\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c do h\u1ecd t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua \u1ea5y.<\/i><\/p>\n
“T\u00f4i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Estonia. V\u00ec sao t\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0y nay t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i v\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Estonia \u0111ang s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra khi tham gia \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/i><\/p>\n
“B\u1ea3n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft \u00e1n ri\u00eang t\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a \u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i khi v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eb1n ranh minh b\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00fang ta. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kinh qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng”.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00d4ng M\u00e1ty\u00e1s E\u00f6si<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Hung Gia L\u1ee3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“S\u00e1ng nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ea3 khuynh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u01b0 tr\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ed3i t\u00f4i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, h\u1ed3i t\u00f3c t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e2u n\u1eefa, th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0 hay mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1edf Hung Gia L\u1ee3i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u00f9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kinh kh\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd… T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n r\u00fat t\u1ec9a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea3 khuynh. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Jean-Paul Sartre, \u00f4ng ta th\u00fa nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung Gulags, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n ra, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y mai ca h\u00e1t”… B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, xem \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp… Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Pol Pot, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, Stalin, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea3 khuynh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7”.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00d4ng N\u00e9meth<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Hung Gia L\u1ee3i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“Nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, n\u0103m nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hung Gia L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do. Xin cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Peter Mansfeld, n\u0103m \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 16 tu\u1ed5i. Sau khi chi\u1ebfn xa Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Budapest n\u0103m 1956, em b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u00f9, r\u1ed3i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1m giam su\u1ed1t 2 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt 18 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y em \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu theo “lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a”. Em b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft n\u0103m 1958. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, n\u0103m nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 66 tu\u1ed5i.<\/i><\/p>\n
“Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. 60 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft oan d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f4m nay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u Peter Mansfelds”.<\/i><\/p>\n
V\u00ec sao v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0? B\u00e0 Mikhailova<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Bulgaria, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0:<\/i><\/p>\n
“Hai th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf H\u00e1n Th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, hay \u0111\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u1eadt kinh kh\u1ee7ng. Ai l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c t\u1edbi c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o, r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI s\u1ebd tha h\u1ed3 th\u1eb3ng tay \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, v\u00ec ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/i><\/p>\n
“C\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f2n s\u1edbm qu\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3m r\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi phi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i tr\u1ed7ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Belarus, Cuba, Trung qu\u1ed1c, B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u ti\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n”.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00d4ng G\u00f6ran Lindblad<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Th\u1ee5y \u0111i\u1ec3n, B\u00e1o c\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00f4m nay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u – th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung – H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c do c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n vi ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o. Th\u1ee9 hai, bao l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tinh th\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m sao cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/i><\/p>\n
“C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sai kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0u trung, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129 theo nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecfa thu\u00ea trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea3 ra g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng an kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf. Trung qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, trong ngh\u0129a Trung hoa C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi x\u1ea5u xa nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u1ea1i Trung qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 man r\u1ee3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Trung qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c chi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<\/i><\/p>\n
“Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea1i Trung hoa C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Trung qu\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ly khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i d\u00e1m c\u00e1 v\u1edbi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb 100 Euros, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n T\u00e0u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u00ean T\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y t\u1eebng x\u1ea9y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/i><\/p>\n
“V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i v\u1eefng tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y”.<\/i><\/p>\n
L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng Ivan Ivanov<\/b>, D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Bulgaria, n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ki\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n Aryen, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Bulgaria khi ra l\u1ec7nh thay t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea3o gia l\u1ee3i g\u1ed1c Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ivan Ivanov l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t ly ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nay \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111a nguy\u00ean\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“L\u00ean ti\u1ebfng k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3. Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m t\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y. Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng k\u1ebft \u00e1n.<\/i><\/p>\n
“H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng ai vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Th\u00f4ng qua quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/i><\/p>\n
“Bulgaria l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Bulgaria kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thay t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd t\u00e1m tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bulgaria g\u1ed1c Th\u1ed5 nh\u0129 k\u1ef3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thay t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00f3a c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean bia m\u1ed9.<\/i><\/p>\n
“T\u1ed9i \u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i t\u1ea3 khuynh, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng khai k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch.<\/i><\/p>\n
“\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u00e1ch quan s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan m\u1eadt v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n”.<\/i><\/p>\n
L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p, Jacques Legendre<\/b>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n cho nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam… c\u00e0 l\u0103m c\u00e0 c\u1eb7p vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf hay l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ng\u1ecdng l\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng\u00a0:<\/p>\n
“H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y sang kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u0103m lo s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng chu \u0111\u00e1o cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u00a0? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n
“\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1eadn\u00a0: trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ecf t\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o khi n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0?<\/i><\/p>\n
“Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1\u00a0: v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Staline l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f2n s\u1ebd l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m Lenine v\u00e0 Trotsky. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc hay l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ee5c vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Mikhael Gorbachev.<\/i><\/p>\n
“N\u00f3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra, kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169, m\u00e0 trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe bao l\u1eddi nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed5 h\u1ebft tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i kia \u01b0\u00a0? Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn cho ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu.<\/i><\/p>\n
“S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3\u00a0! \u0110\u00fang th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u00fd k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hitler \u1edf Berlin, s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3a m\u1edd nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 Staline.<\/i><\/p>\n
“Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 theo “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i” khi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? C\u00f3 k\u1ebb c\u00f2n d\u00e1m nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 n\u1eefa kia. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0! Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n g\u00e2y ra trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c do b\u1ecdn Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c do b\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t x\u00edt g\u00e2y ra\u00a0! V\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean Trung qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb h\u00f4m nay”.<\/i><\/p>\n
\n
\nUnicode<\/b><\/font><\/a> –
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\nVNI<\/b><\/font><\/a> –
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\nVPS<\/b><\/font><\/a> –
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\nVIQR<\/b><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"PARIS – Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong hai ng\u00e0y 6 v\u00e0 7.2.2006, c\u00e1c t\u1edd Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng, Th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v.v… c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 1481 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":375,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-tin-ubbvqlnvn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/375"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/555\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/queme.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}